Mehrfach ungesättigte Omega-3-Fettsäuren und Knochen-gesundheit

Zusammenfassung

Der systemische Lipidstoffwechsel und der Knochenstoffwechsel stehen in komplexer Wechselwirkung miteinander. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es verständlich, dass auch Nahrungslipide den Knochenstoffwechsel mittelbar und unmittelbar beeinflussen. Es gibt eine Vielzahl Studien jüngeren Datums, die sich speziell mit der Frage beschäftigen, ob und wie sich die Nahrungsaufnahme mehrfach ungesättigter Fettsäuren, insbesondere das nutritive Verhältnis von n-6-Fettsäuren zu n-3-Fettsäuren (n-6/n-3-Ratio), auf den Knochen auswirkt. Obwohl einige klinische Studien auf einen positiven Effekt eines niedrigen n-6/n-3-Verhältnisses in der Nah-rung hinweisen, bleiben die Effekte einzelner spezifischer Fettsäuren dabei unklar. Die wenigen kontrollierten, prospektiv randomisierten Studien zu der Thematik erlauben trotz vielversprechender Ergebnisse wegen der reduzierten Vergleichbarkeit der Studiendesigns noch keine allgemeinen Rückschlüsse. Es wäre verfrüht, eine allgemeine klinische Empfehlung auszusprechen, die aktuelle Datenlage gibt jedoch hinreichend Anlass, um weitere Studien zu der Thematik zu initiieren.

Summary

It has become increasingly clear in recent years that there are close functional ties between fatty acid metabolism and bone metabolism. A number of studies have investigated the influence of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake, in particular of the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio, on bone traits. There is evidence for a beneficial effect of a lower dietary n-6/n-3 ratio, but effects of specific fatty acids have not been consistent. A few randomized controlled trials in humans also support a positive effect of n-3 fatty acids on bone, but the heterogeneity of the different study designs make it difficult to draw definitive conclusions that would support recommendations for clinical use. Despite these limitations, there appears to be sufficient evidence to merit further clinical trials.

Schlüsselwörter

Nahrungslipide - Omega-3-Fettsäuren - Omega-6-Fettsäuren - n-6/n-3-Ratio - Knochenstoffwechsel

Keywords

Nutritional lipids - omega-3 fatty acids - omega-6 fatty acids - n-6 :n-3 fatty acids ratio - bone metabolism

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